In his book Esperanto: A Language for the Global Village, Sylvan Zaft makes a plea for using the rootwords of the Esperanto language to form the complex words, and to avoid adopting words from other languages, even the words that are "international." The person whose mother tongue is Chinese, Hindi, African, Amerindian, Australian Aboriginal, etc, will find this method easier. So will children and other young people. Please read this, adapted from Mr Taft's writings:
The Method of Combining Already-Existing Syllables
One method of forming words is to combine morphemes ("little words")
which already existed in the language. Here are some examples:
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Teknika kaj Dauxriga Edukado ("TAFE") Televido en Okcidenta Auxstralio subtenas la faradon de mal-longa lingva kurso Esperanto por Komencantoj ("Esperanto for Beginners"). Gxi konsistas el ok programoj, cxiu je 30 minutoj. TAFE Televido vidigis la kurson dum Februaro kaj Oktobro 2000 per Kanalo 31, kaj laux "Westlink." La kurson verkas Trish O'Connor, kiu estas ano de la Ligo, kaj sperta TAFE instruistino pri Arto. Kvankam nur komencanto sxi mem, Trish iniciatis kaj verkis la 8-televidbendan kurson. Fakte, krom la angla, lingvoj estis fremdaj al sxi gxis Owen Loneragan interesigis sxin pri Esperanto. La Ligo pagis sxian flugbileton al Sidnejo por la Somerlernejo dum Januaro 2000. Por pliaj informoj kontaktu: Trish O'Connor (08) 9307 1964, trish_o_connor@hotmail.com aux Shirley Gradussov (08) 9337 2063, or la Ligo 9221 3250. -- adaptis el artikoloj de Shirley Gradussov el La Nigra Cigno, Perto, Novembro 1999, pgx 58-59 |
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AUTHOR SYLVAN ZAFT E-MAILS THANKS, GIVES MORE INFORMATION
Date: Sunday, 24 January 1999 14:35:42
From: SylvanZ@aol.com
To: john.massam@multiline.com.au
Subject: Re: USED YOUR IDEAS
Dear John,
Thank you for the link to my web site and especially for spreading information
about this important quality of Esperanto and the importance of using it
consistently.
The idea, of course, is in no way original with me. Claude Piron emphasizes
it in his books La Bona Lingvo and Le defi des langues.
However, I have tried to lay it out schematically with examples so that it
becomes very clear.
Amike,
Sylvan
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PERMISSION GRANTED FOR OTHER ESPERANTO REPUBLICATION
From: Anna Ritamäki
To: John C. Massam
Date: Monday, 15 February 1999 06:10:15
Subject: Re: REQUEST FOR PERMISSION
Vi iam sendis al mi peton pri permeso publikigi esperantorilatan informon
de la SEL-pagxo. Mi pensas ke mi ne sendis finan respondon, tamen la respondo
estas jes. Vi povas uzi tion. Dankon pro via intereso.
Anna Ritamäki
PREFER FUNDAMENTAL WORDS FOR
WORD-BUILDING
Adapted from The Esperanto-English Dictionary (originally published in 1912, only 25 years after Esperanto was launched) by Edward Millidge, 1931 edition, Ernest Benn, London: Dr L. L. Zamenhof wrote: "I arranged a complete dismemberment of ideas into independent words, so that instead of words in various grammatical forms, the entire language consists of words only, in forms that do not change. ... in this way the dismemberment of the language is no trouble to the leaner; ... what he calls termination, or prefix or suffix is an altogether independent word, which always retains the same meaning, no matter whether it is used at the end or at the beginning of another word, or as a grammatical particle. ... the result ... is that everything you write in the international language will be clearly understood at once ..." * (page v) [* Translated from the Unua Libro de la Lingvo Esperanto, see F.K., Pgx. 248-9] [See it in Esperanto in the Fundamenta Krestomatio de la Lingvo Esperanto, de Do. L. L. Zamenhof, Sesa Eldono, 1909, Paris, Librairie Hachette Et Cie, pagxoj 248-49] Mr Millidge stated: "Seeing then that our whole language is thus made up of independent changeless words, ... it will be readily understood how important it is, before introducing any new word ... that we should be thoroughly acquainted with the capabilities of the already existing words and their combinations; otherwise, by the careless or thoughtless introduction of new words, we not only make the language much more difficult for all, especially for the tyro and the non-European, but also approximate it in character to certain of the national languages, with their heavy load of doubles and illogicalities. ... "... until the student has acquired facility in the use of the fundamental words, he should be warned against the use of others, although they may appear in this or other dictionaries, and be very attractive to him nationally. ... All other words must for the present [1912] be considered as still on probation, although many of them, needless to say, are freely used by the best writers, including Dr. Zamenhof himself." (page v) (To assist Esperantists, Millidge put special symbols on all the fundamental words in his dictionary.) |
sed Unikodo estas solvinta la problemon Kvankam Zamenhof penis fari Esperaton internacia, gxi estas tute euxropa -- latinida laux vorto kaj slava laux sintakso. La literumado aux ortografio ankaux estas tre simpla: unu sono, unu litero kaj inverse [Ne! Nur preskaux! -- Johano MASAMO]. Jen estas la literoj (unu bildo el la gramatiko de Bertilo WENNERGREN): Se vi havas Vindoza 98 aux alia hodiauxa ekipo, la 28-litero Esperanto alfabeto (ne estas Q, W, X, aux Y) elmontrigxos senerare malsupre, per Unikodo ©: A, B, C, Ĉ, D, E, F, G, Ĝ, H,
Ĥ, I, J, Ĵ, Esperanto uzas la latinan alfabeton, sed cxar la lingvo uzas pli ol 26 sonojn (same kiel la plimulto de lingvoj), Zamenhof devis inventi novajn literojn: la cxapelitaj literoj. La literoj c, g, h, j, s kaj u, cxiu havas sian cxapelitan version. Por vidi cxi tiujn komputile, vi bezonas la tiparon Latinon-3 (La turka estas la sola granda lingvo kiu bezonas Latinon-3). Sed, cxar la plej ofte uzata tiparo, Latino-1, kaj la plej ofte uzata litera kodo, Askio, ne subtenas la cxapelitajn literojn, la cxapelita plej ofte estas skribita komputile kiel du literoj. La cxefaj metodoj aux kodoj de askiigo:
6. Latino-3: Æ æ, Ø ø, ¦ ¶, ¬ ¼, Þ þ, Ý ý. Vidu: http://www.bydg.pdi.net/~turismo/iso3/enkodigo.html This webpage seemed dead on 08 Sep 00.
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SPECIAL SOUNDS NEED SPECIAL LETTERS: If your equipment permits, on some webpages you might see the special Esperanto letters displayed correctly like this Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ, Ŭ,
On many Esperanto webpages the special letters are shown in a substitute system like this CX, GX, HX, JX, SX, UX,
and on others are shown with a separate ^, or ', or "h" for all but "ux." If you learn to pronounce the special letters properly, you then might have fun trying to work out the meanings of some of the words. If your computer equipment permitted, you would see that the first five special letters are capped with a circumflex (^), and the special "ŭ" (ux) has a downward curving diacritical mark sometimes called a "breve" above it. But until recent years the Internet has had difficulty in displaying correct Esperanto.
OTHER PRONUNCIATIONS: The five vowels are heard in
"Pa let me go
too," and in "Are there three or two?"
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Psychological Aspects of the World Language
Problem and of Esperanto
(from a talk presented by Claude Piron in Basel during the Trilanda Renkontigxo on March 21, 1998.)
Facts are more stubborn than words
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TRANSLATIONS -- TRADUKOJ
![]() Klaketu (premu) http://wwwtios.cs.utwente.nl/traduk/EO-EN/Translate/ por unuope vorto el esperanta al angla, aux el angla en esperantan, aux klaketu (premu) http://www.cs.qub.ac.uk/%7EAD.Irvine/eoxx.html traduki frazerojn el esperanta al angla. |
SCIENCE FICTION: Q. In the British science fiction television
series and books Red Dwarf, what does "LEVEL NIVELO"
mean?
A: Red Dwarf is a bilingual ship, with English and Esperanto as the two official languages. "Nivelo" is the Esperanto word for "level". The signs in the corridors of the ship simply indicate (in both languages) what level you're on. Esperanto is a real language, developed in the 1880s by Polish ophthalmologist [eye specialist] L.L. Zamenhof. The episode "Kryten" establishes that Lister, Holly, and Kryten all speak at least some Esperanto. Rimmer doesn't seem to have mastered the language yet; he's shown trying to learn it from a videotape without much success. -- Adapted from the Red Dwarf Frequently Asked Questions List (FAQ) which was at http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/tv/red_dwarf-faq/faq.html but did not respond on 23 Jan 2000. |
13 Supro ^ ^ < < Reala ENHAVO 1-100 101-antauxen Traduku Kunigiloj Okazajxoj Libroj HEJMO "FAQ" > > Piedo v v 15 |